電纜故障測(ce)試儀在實際應用中的幾(ji)種(zhong)測(ce)試方法

電纜故障測試儀之電橋法(fa)

電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故障(zhang)測(ce)試(shi)儀之電(dian)橋(qiao)法(fa)就是用(yong)雙臂電(dian)橋(qiao)測(ce)出(chu)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯線的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)阻值，再(zai)準確測(ce)量電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)實際長度(du)(du)，按照電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長度(du)(du)與電(dian)阻的(de)正比例關系(xi)，計算出(chu)故障(zhang)點(dian)。該方法(fa)是傳統的(de)對低阻故障(zhang)行(xing)之有效的(de)一(yi)種方法(fa)。操作相對簡(jian)單，精度(du)(du)也較高。但由于(yu)電(dian)橋(qiao)電(dian)壓和檢流(liu)計靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)的(de)限制，電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故障(zhang)測(ce)試(shi)儀之電(dian)橋(qiao)法(fa)僅適用(yong)于(yu)直流(liu)電(dian)阻小于(yu)100 kΩ的低阻泄漏故障，而且要求電纜必須至少有一根*才行。對高阻故障，斷線故障和三相均有泄漏的故障電纜此方法則不適用。

電纜(lan)故障測試儀之(zhi)低壓脈(mo)沖測試法

電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀之低壓脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)法是根據低壓脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)在電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中前(qian)行，遇故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)會引起脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)波(bo)的反射(she)。利用觀測(ce)到的發射(she)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)和反射(she)回波(bo)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)之間(jian)的時間(jian)差和電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中行波(bo)的傳輸速(su)度(du)來計算出故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)距離。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀之電(dian)橋(qiao)法可(ke)直(zhi)觀地判斷(duan)出電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)的故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)是開(kai)路還是短路，并且能直(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)出測(ce)試(shi)(shi)端至(zhi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)的距離。但對于高阻泄漏故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)、高阻閃絡性(xing)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)低壓脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)法則(ze)不適用。

電纜(lan)故障測試儀之高壓沖(chong)擊(ji)閃絡法(fa)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試(shi)儀之高(gao)壓沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)閃(shan)(shan)絡法可以(yi)測(ce)試(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的高(gao)阻泄(xie)漏(lou)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、高(gao)阻閃(shan)(shan)絡性故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、低阻短路(lu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)和斷線(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是一(yi)種可靠、適應(ying)性較廣(guang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)尋(xun)手段。高(gao)壓沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)閃(shan)(shan)絡法是在故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的始(shi)端施加一(yi)個沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)高(gao)壓，將故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧擊(ji)穿(chuan)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點擊(ji)穿(chuan)瞬間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓突跳作為測(ce)試(shi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。觀察此信(xin)(xin)號(hao)在故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)始(shi)端之間往返一(yi)次的時(shi)間進行(xing)測(ce)距。多使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣法采取(qu)測(ce)試(shi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣法利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)原(yuan)理，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)拾取(qu)接地(di)線(xian)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)來(lai)獲(huo)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)反射信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。與高(gao)壓發生器(qi)、市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上(shang)的關系，所(suo)以(yi)特別安(an)全。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣法所(suo)得波形(xing)，反射波形(xing)特征拐點清晰，特別有利(li)于(yu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)距離分(fen)析和定位(wei)。但(dan)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣法的測(ce)試(shi)波形(xing)較為復雜;不同類型、不同長度、不同故障距離、不同的沖擊高壓所得的波形千變萬化，往往與標準波形相差甚遠。由于掌握不了波形規律，常常發生誤判錯判。

電纜(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)測試儀之二次脈沖法(fa)

由(you)于上述幾種(zhong)測試(shi)方法(fa)都有欠缺的地方，于是要(yao)求能研發出(chu)一(yi)種(zhong)既準確又(you)實用的一(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)測試(shi)方法(fa)。二(er)(er)次脈沖(chong)法(fa)便(bian)因此(ci)而(er)出(chu)現。二(er)(er)次脈沖(chong)法(fa)的*之處，在于將沖擊高壓閃絡法中的復雜波形變成極其簡單zui易掌握的低壓脈沖法短路故障測試波形。任何人稍加培訓就能快速準確測得故障。

電纜(lan)故(gu)障測試儀之二次脈沖法(fa)

二次(ci)脈沖(chong)法的基本測試原理

低(di)壓脈(mo)沖法無法測試(shi)電纜的(de)高阻(zu)故障(*回波)。然而，如果在足夠高的沖擊電壓作用下，故障點被電弧擊穿的同時，能發送一個低壓測試脈沖，即可在短路點得到一個短路反射的回波。該反射回波的極性與發射脈沖的極性相反。當故障點短路電弧熄滅后，再發射一個低壓測試脈沖(二次脈沖)，可測得電纜的開路全長波形。前后兩次采集到的波形同時顯示在一個屏面上。開路全長波形與發射脈沖同極性，故障反射波形的極性與發射脈沖極性相反，且一定在全長距離以內。所以故障波形*區別判斷。

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