交直流高壓實驗變壓器工作(zuo)原理及操作注意(yi)事項

一(yi)、概述：

TQSB系列輕(qing)型(xing)交流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)器是根據機電(dian)(dian)部(bu)《試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)在原同類(lei)產(chan)品基(ji)礎上(shang)經過大量改(gai)進后而生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)新型(xing)產(chan)品。本系列產(chan)品具有體積小、重(zhong)(zhong)量輕(qing)、結構緊(jin)湊、功能齊全、通用性強和使用方便等(deng)特點(dian)。特別適用于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對(dui)各種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)器元件、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料進行工頻或直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度(du)試(shi)驗。是高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中(zhong)*的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要設備(bei)。

二(er)、工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理：

TQSB系列(lie)輕型高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結(jie)組(zu)I. I. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V（10KVA以上為380V）電(dian)(dian)源接入∕ST∕XTC（為本(ben)公司生(sheng)產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)，詳細資料(liao)請見其(qi)具體使用(yong)說明書）系列(lie)操(cao)作箱（臺），經操(cao)作箱內自耦(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)（50KVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附）調(diao)節至(zhi)0-200V（或0-400V）電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)至(zhi)TQSB試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)初組(zu)繞組(zu)，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

1、單臺TQSB試驗壓器(qi)的工作原理圖見圖3

圖3：單臺TQSB高壓試驗變壓器原理圖

2、單臺(tai)TQSB試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的工作(zuo)(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)4，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓套(tao)管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)，串接(jie)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓回(hui)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半(ban)波整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，以獲得直流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓。當用一短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)短(duan)接(jie)時(shi)，可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)；取消短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。

圖(tu)4：單臺TQSB交直流試驗變壓器原理圖

圖中：D – 短路桿VD – 高壓硅堆

3、三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)結線原(yuan)理(li)見圖(tu)5。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因為(wei)整個試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)安裝。它既然可串(chuan)接成高出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用，又可分開成幾套單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)獨(du)使用。整套裝置投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在*級(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理(li)圖(tu)中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1給(gei)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分別處在對地為(wei)1V和(he)(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體對地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de)(de)箱體是接地的(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)*級(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)(di)三(san)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。

圖5：三臺試驗變壓器串級接線原理圖

圖中：P - 容量（KVA）V – 電壓（KV）G1、G1 – 絕緣支架

TQSB試驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)未畫出，其原理與上圖相同(tong)。

三、注(zhu)意(yi)事項：

（1）試驗人員應做好分工，明確相互間辦法。并有專門人監護現場安全及觀察試品狀態。

（2）被試品應先清掃干凈，并干燥，以免損壞被試品和試驗帶來的誤差。

（3）對于大型試驗，一般都應*行空升試驗。即不接試品時升壓至試驗電壓，校對各種表計，調整球間隙。

（4）升壓速度不能太快，并必須防止突然加壓。例如調壓器不在零位的突然合閘。也不能突然切斷電源，一般應在調壓器降至零位時拉閘。

（5）當電壓升至試驗電壓時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓到1∕3試驗電壓以下時，才能拉開電源。

在升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程，如發現下列不正常情(qing)況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因(yin)：①電壓表指針擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被試品內有不正常的聲音。

（6）耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況(kuang)。

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